{"id":3694,"date":"2023-03-14T07:23:58","date_gmt":"2023-03-14T07:23:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/?p=3694"},"modified":"2024-09-14T07:46:54","modified_gmt":"2024-09-14T07:46:54","slug":"causes-and-countermeasures-of-metal-corrosion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/ru\/causes-and-countermeasures-of-metal-corrosion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3694\" class=\"elementor elementor-3694\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-c751267 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c751267\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c841db elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"2c841db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ICa2dQCtwofMqOxtwVIcXGGhnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><blockquote><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-F18GdkdQPonq6kxDuTmcQKlpn9r\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044e.<\/div><\/blockquote><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-e6464f7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e6464f7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7006ead elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"7006ead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">1.\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-acf8bdf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"acf8bdf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79843fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"79843fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ICa2dQCtwofMqOxtwVIcXGGhnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MehFdOwUooTCbix356ycSnC3nsz\">\u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b: \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MehFdOwUooTCbix356ycSnC3nsz\">\u00a0<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-P2FPdjrMroNJzrxq76kcqTXsnOh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><p>\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0438\u0434\u044b, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-X2kfd3PnPo1eWAx6hBwc1TjynEc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u043a, \u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438 - \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NYmcdY86uorEN8xRzjYcRH53nrd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>\u0420\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div>\u0420\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 - \u044d\u0442\u043e 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data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf73d67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"cf73d67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-2\"><strong>2.\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-bceaf79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bceaf79\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ddf25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"64ddf25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JmBid5ouGo0Ak0xscZVcW2kxnNc\"><div data-page-id=\"ICa2dQCtwofMqOxtwVIcXGGhnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Pb4mdtoX5ostEWxHa1WcUpcsn0c\">\u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-290ca82 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"290ca82\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6455a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"6455a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430<span style=\"font-size: 15px; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--wd-main-bgcolor); color: var(--wd-text-color);\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-c7f381e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c7f381e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58e4d1d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_image_or_svg\" data-id=\"58e4d1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_image_or_svg.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-image text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Iron-surface-rusting-mechanism-768x492.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Iron-surface-rusting-mechanism-768x492.png 768w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Iron-surface-rusting-mechanism-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Iron-surface-rusting-mechanism-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Iron-surface-rusting-mechanism-150x96.png 150w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Iron-surface-rusting-mechanism.png 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-02fee0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"02fee0a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e4128e elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"5e4128e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JmBid5ouGo0Ak0xscZVcW2kxnNc\"><div data-page-id=\"ICa2dQCtwofMqOxtwVIcXGGhnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Pb4mdtoX5ostEWxHa1WcUpcsn0c\"><div data-page-id=\"ICa2dQCtwofMqOxtwVIcXGGhnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ol class=\"list-number1\" start=\"1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PjIld9VmkotQENxsIYMcACdinic\" data-list=\"number\"><div>\u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430: Fe \u2192 Fe\u00b2\u207a + 2e-<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CASOdqaXpomFohxXlCQcUL39nvh\" data-list=\"number\"><div>\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434-\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b (\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430): \u00bd O\u2082 + H\u2082O + 2e- \u2192 2OH-<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Wquqd0CFBo0ohKxZNeocmdU3nSh\" data-list=\"number\"><div>\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434-\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430: Fe\u00b2\u207a + 2OH- \u2192 Fe(OH)\u2082.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BIvBd6SnAobtoDxxd9Ac5AfRnZc\" data-list=\"number\"><div>\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443: 2Fe(OH)\u2082 + H\u2082O + \u00bd O\u2082 \u2192 2Fe(OH)\u2083.<\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-30656e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"30656e7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c78d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"79c78d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-2\"><strong>3.\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-3b70191 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3b70191\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f36eb98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"f36eb98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ICa2dQCtwofMqOxtwVIcXGGhnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OipNdhDKSo4hFexh295cuWrFn3g\"><strong>3.1 \u0420\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OipNdhDKSo4hFexh295cuWrFn3g\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M047dPoTpoRyDgxo0eic5T7YnFb\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JTtMdbNy7oPbAtxJRH7c5fOrn5w\"><strong>3.2 \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JTtMdbNy7oPbAtxJRH7c5fOrn5w\">\u0427\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044e. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-U9rwdZ4BeoWvmWxTldCcDREwn2e\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OwRsdLRALo8KJrx8Qy4c5Ls9nAd\"><strong>3.3 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OwRsdLRALo8KJrx8Qy4c5Ls9nAd\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043d\u043e\u0434, \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044e \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-B8aSdqYuko0oMbxGMcjcFvK5nWg\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SKRXdVqpGozdtux96O4c8ycEnRc\"><strong>3.4 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SKRXdVqpGozdtux96O4c8ycEnRc\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044e. \u041f\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b.<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-0cad9c8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0cad9c8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10505c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"10505c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\"><div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-6eef768 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6eef768\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d7ccc4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_image_or_svg\" data-id=\"0d7ccc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_image_or_svg.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-image text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"588\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Battery-principle.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Battery-principle.jpg 588w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Battery-principle-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Battery-principle-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Battery-principle-150x113.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-61c88ee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"61c88ee\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0258fd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"0258fd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ICa2dQCtwofMqOxtwVIcXGGhnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OipNdhDKSo4hFexh295cuWrFn3g\"><div data-page-id=\"ICa2dQCtwofMqOxtwVIcXGGhnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VTR1dLNL8oPye1xu4IVcKARPn9d\"><strong>3.5 \u042d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VTR1dLNL8oPye1xu4IVcKARPn9d\">\u042d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-T6C4dWNXyouq0wxWZ6HcSYZNngc\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XZNGdCKDGoJBuhxj3odcIsMjnab\"><strong>3.6 \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433-\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XZNGdCKDGoJBuhxj3odcIsMjnab\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433-\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-X0XkdLfG3ogEOwxfKfScgxj3nOc\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-YA8SdgzWXoo1lyxacaWcjyUmnhb\"><strong>3.7 \u041f\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-YA8SdgzWXoo1lyxacaWcjyUmnhb\">\u0422\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u043c\u044b.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XZ53dBNvFoNs7Ix7dIGcCrAEnGe\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Tkg9dx5ROoF2mixYgJkcMq1CnAh\"><strong>3.8 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Tkg9dx5ROoF2mixYgJkcMq1CnAh\">\u041c\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ThPwdNiVNowdnPx6p7pctdEHnOc\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AWjGd9Kg8o1ICaxmzzOc1bnHnrb\"><strong>3.9 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AWjGd9Kg8o1ICaxmzzOc1bnHnrb\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-In9fdieK2oF9KjxWIv3cPS61ndc\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XSvYdpLevoY5WCxtWmpcLhrinNe\"><strong>3.10 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XSvYdpLevoY5WCxtWmpcLhrinNe\">\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0410\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044e, \u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-9d608a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9d608a8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13cc183 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"13cc183\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\"><div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\"><div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">\u0411\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-edb740b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"edb740b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a594e90 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_image_or_svg\" data-id=\"a594e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_image_or_svg.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-image text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Bacterial-respiration-768x292.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Bacterial-respiration-768x292.png 768w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Bacterial-respiration-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Bacterial-respiration-1024x389.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Bacterial-respiration-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Bacterial-respiration-1200x456.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Bacterial-respiration-150x57.png 150w, https:\/\/www.coomcool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Bacterial-respiration.png 1222w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-8e22f34 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8e22f34\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c3f90e elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"2c3f90e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-2\">4.\u041c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-92f9d07 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"92f9d07\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e1915 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"97e1915\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ICa2dQCtwofMqOxtwVIcXGGhnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BljXdL4iSoOUCJxsvZNc9TUlncb\"><strong>\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BljXdL4iSoOUCJxsvZNc9TUlncb\">\u041c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-V7zVdmlHxoq9GMxO6pMcqMSZnKe\">\u00a0<\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QsJIdakA7oxs8ExCEvkc1mYbnee\"><strong>\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QsJIdakA7oxs8ExCEvkc1mYbnee\">\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 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